password –md5 $1$L CX $qgeIevUEDvvQAmrm4jCd31 title Red Hat Linux (2.4.7-10) root (hd0,2) kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.7-10 ro root=/dev/hda3 initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.7-10.img title DOS rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1 The GRUB configuration is stored in grub.conf, which is a simple text file. Lines that begin with # are comments, and the Red Hat installation program inserts several comments at the beginning of the file. The first active command line in this configuration is default=0. This command identifies which operating system should be booted by default in a dual-boot configuration. The operating systems that are available to GRUB are defined at the end of the configuration. Each operating system is assigned a number, sequentially starting from 0. Thus, the first operating system defined is 0, the second is 1, the third is 2, and so on. This configuration defines two operating systems: Red Hat Linux and DOS. Red Hat Linux is listed first; therefore, it is operating system 0, and it is the operating system that will be booted by default. In this case, the command default=0 is not really required because default is set to 0 whenever the default command is not included in the configuration. However, including the command makes a clean, self-documenting configuration. The second active line, timeout=10, also relates to the default boot. The timeout command sets the number of seconds the operator has to interrupt the boot process before GRUB automatically loads the default operating system. In this example, the operator has 10 seconds to select the alternate operating system before Red Hat Linux is automatically booted. Even for systems that do not dual-boot, set a value for timeout because this allows the operator to interrupt the boot process if it is necessary to pass arguments to the kernel. Providing kernel input at the boot prompt is covered later in this chapter. The splashimage command points to a file that contains the background image displayed by GRUB. During the timeout period, GRUB displays a boot menu. The splashimage file is the background displayed behind that menu. During the initial installation of Red Hat Linux 7.2, you have an opportunity to enter a GRUB password. The password entered at that time is stored in the grub.conf file using the password command. The password “Wats?Watt?” was entered during the installation of our sample system. Note that the password is not stored as clear text. The password is encrypted, and the –md5 option on the password command line lets us know that the password is encrypted with the Message Digest 5 (MD5) algorithm. The operator must enter the correct password to gain access to the full range of GRUB features. The operator can boot any of the operating systems listed in the GRUB menu without entering the password; however, optional input, such as kernel parameters, cannot be entered without the correct password. If the password command is not included in the grub.conf file, a password is not required to access any GRUB features. The title command defines the exact text that will be displayed in the GRUB menu to identify an operating system. The commands that follow a title command and occur before the next title command describe an operating system to the boot loader. The sample configuration defines the following two operating systems: title Red Hat Linux (2.4.7-10) root (hd0,2) 15
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