Assumptions for Network Setup This diagram shows a client machine (in the form of a Windows 2000 laptop), and a server (running Red Hat Linux 9, and supporting some of the services described in this chapter. They are connected via an internal network, and protected from the Internet by a hub and a firewall. Of course, your network topology might look different than this. For example, if you have a smaller network, then it’s possible that you don’t have a hub, and that your firewall is not a dedicated machine but a piece of software hosted by your Linux server machine. If you have only a single machine, then it can double as both the server and client machines in this diagram (being a client of its own services!). We’ve used a topology like this one in this chapter. Note that both the end-user’s laptop and the server machine have been assigned an IP address – this is used to uniquely identify the computer (or other device) within a TCP/IP network. An IP address is a 32-bit binary address in the form of four decimal values. Each of these four decimals represents an 8-bit value (an octet), and hence is in the range 0 to 255. This format is known as dotted quad notation. In fact, the TCP/IP network is divided into different class networks. The important classes are defined below: Class Values Description Class A 1.x.x.x to 127.x.x.x The first octet specifies the network number, and the remaining octets specify the host within the network. This class supports about 1.6 million hosts per network. Class B 128.0.x.x to 191.255.x.x The first two octets specify the network number, and the remaining octets specify the host within the network. This class supports 16,320 networks with 65,024 hosts each. Class C 192.0.0.x to 223.255.255.x The first three octets specify the network number, and the remaining octets specify the host within the network. This class supports nearly two million networks with up to 254 hosts each. Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 These are reserved for multicast groups Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 These are reserved for special purpose use. 268
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