The Apache Web Server This dialog contains a list of all the services that are supported on your computer. The checkboxes indicate which of these services are started automatically when the machine boots up (as part of the cron). There are also Start, Stop, and Restart buttons so that we can start and stop services manually. 2. Scroll down the list on the left of the dialog, and select the entry for httpd. As we said, the httpd service is the Apache web server service. Check the status of the httpd service, in the bottom-right of the dialog; if it is stopped (as above), then click the Start button to start it. If you want it to start automatically next time you reboot your machine, check the checkbox too. Then select File | Save Changes to save the new settings. That’s it; you can close the Service Configuration dialog by selecting File | Quit. To control the Apache web server from the command line, we can use the service command to fire the httpd script. Here’s how we use it to start the web server: # service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] If there are difficulties in starting the web server, then you’ll find out about it here. For example, if you attempt to do this without root privileges, then you’ll get a message telling you that permission is denied. And here’s another example: # service httpd start Starting httpd: httpd: Could not determine the server’s fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.0.99 for ServerName [ OK ] Here, the message explains that the server’s fully qualified domain name (FQDN) couldn’t be determined, and that it’s using the IP address (192.168.0.99) instead. If you get this message, it’s because you have neither setup a FQDN for your Linux server, nor configured the ServerName configuration directive in the httpd.conf configuration file. Note An FQDN is a unique name, consisting of hostname and domain name, which can be resolved to an IP address. For example, www.linux4biz.net is a fully qualified domain name. Returning to the httpd script itself, there are similar switches for stopping or restarting the service: # service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: [ OK ] # service httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ] There are a few other options you can use with the httpd script. If you run the script without an option, the resulting usage message reveals all the available options: # service httpd Usage: httpd {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful| help|configtest} The configtest option is a particularly useful one. The configuration file is quite complex, and so it’s useful to 274
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